**Daun Jambu Batu (Psidium guajava): A Traditional Remedy with Modern Therapeutic Promise**

Abstract

Daun Jambu Batu, also known as guava leaf, is traditionally used across Asia, Africa, and Latin America for its medicinal properties. The leaf of the Psidium guajava tree is rich in flavonoids, tannins, and essential oils, making it effective in treating ailments such as diarrhea, diabetes, skin infections, and oral health issues. This article explores its botanical characteristics, traditional uses in various medical systems, phytochemical composition, nutritional value, and pharmacological benefits.

1. Botanical Profile

Scientific Name: Psidium guajava L.
Family: Myrtaceae
Common Names: Guava Leaf, Bayabas (Philippines), Daun Jambu Batu (Malay), Amrood ke Patte (Hindi)
Plant Type: Tropical evergreen shrub or small tree
Leaf Description: Opposite, oblong to elliptical leaves with prominent veins and aromatic properties when crushed.

Native to Central and South America, the guava tree now grows widely in tropical and subtropical regions. The leaves are used fresh or dried for medicinal purposes.

2. Traditional and Cultural Uses

2.1 Traditional Malay Medicine (TMM)

In Malaysia, Daun Jambu Batu is a household remedy. Decoctions are used to treat:

Diarrhea and food poisoning
Skin wounds and ulcers
Vaginal discharge and postpartum recovery

Crushed leaves are applied to:

Cuts, insect bites, and boils
Swollen joints and mild infections

2.2 Ayurveda and Other Systems

In Ayurveda and South Asian folk medicine, guava leaves are used to:

Relieve dysentery, indigestion, and toothache
Control diabetes and cholesterol
Strengthen gums and treat mouth ulcers

3. Phytochemical Constituents

Guava leaves contain a wide array of biologically active compounds:

Phytochemical Class	Notable Compounds	Actions
Flavonoids	Quercetin, Kaempferol	Antioxidant, antidiarrheal, anti-allergy
Tannins	—	Astringent, antimicrobial
Saponins	—	Antimicrobial, immune-supportive
Phenolic acids	Gallic acid, Caffeic acid	Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant
Essential oils	Eucalyptol, Limonene	Antibacterial, aromatic
Alkaloids	Trace compounds	Antidiabetic, antibacterial

These compounds work synergistically to provide guava leaves with broad therapeutic activity.

4. Nutritional Profile (Dried Leaf Extract)

Though not primarily used for nutrition, guava leaves offer some nutrient value:

Nutrient	Content (per 100g dried leaves)
Dietary Fiber	10–15 g
Vitamin C	Moderate levels
Iron	Trace amounts
Calcium	Present

5. Therapeutic Benefits

5.1 Gastrointestinal Health

Guava leaf tea is widely used to treat acute diarrhea, dysentery, and intestinal infections. The flavonoids and tannins help reduce intestinal motility and inhibit pathogens like E. coli.

5.2 Antidiabetic Effect

Studies show guava leaf extract reduces postprandial blood glucose levels, improves insulin sensitivity, and lowers HbA1c in diabetic individuals.

5.3 Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory

Effective against bacteria, fungi, and viruses, guava leaves help treat:

Skin infections and acne
Gum diseases (gingivitis, periodontitis)
Colds and sore throat (as herbal gargle)

5.4 Oral Health

Used as a natural mouthwash, guava leaf decoction helps control plaque, bad breath, and bleeding gums.

5.5 Wound Healing and Skin Care

Topical application supports healing of cuts, burns, and ulcers due to its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory actions.

6. TCM Properties (Traditional Chinese Medicine Interpretation)

Though not traditionally used in classical Chinese texts, guava leaf is interpreted in TCM as:

Nature: Cool
Taste: Bitter, Astringent
Meridian Tropism: Large Intestine, Spleen, Stomach
Functions:
- Clears heat and dampness from intestines
- Astringes to stop diarrhea
- Detoxifies and eliminates pathogenic factors

7. Preparation and Dosage

Form	Usage
Decoction/Tea	5–10 fresh leaves boiled in 2 cups water for 10–15 mins. Taken warm 2–3x daily.
Topical Paste	Crushed leaves applied directly to wounds or skin issues.
Powder/Capsule	Dried and powdered leaf in 250–500 mg capsules, taken 1–2x daily.
Mouth Rinse	Boiled and cooled decoction used as mouthwash.

8. Safety and Precautions

Generally safe in moderate amounts.
Overconsumption may lead to constipation or dryness due to astringency.
Not recommended during pregnancy unless supervised.
Always use pesticide-free leaves if harvested fresh.

9. Conclusion

Daun Jambu Batu remains a valued herbal remedy with multifaceted applications in digestive health, metabolic balance, skin care, and infection control. As modern research continues to validate its traditional uses, guava leaf stands as a powerful natural alternative in integrative health practices. Its accessibility, safety, and versatility make it an excellent candidate for daily use and further phytopharmacological exploration.

References -Data Compile by Chat GPT

Gutiérrez, R. M. P., Mitchell, S., & Solis, R. V. (2008). Psidium guajava: A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 117(1), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2008.01.025
Chen, H. Y., & Yen, G. C. (2007). Antioxidant activity and free radical-scavenging capacity of extracts from guava (Psidium guajava L.) leaves. Food Chemistry, 101(2), 686–694.
Ministry of Health Malaysia. (2015). Malaysian Herbal Monograph. Kuala Lumpur: Institute for Medical Research.
Goyal, B. R., Goyal, R. K., Mehta, A. A., & Naik, S. R. (2010). Phyto-pharmacology of Psidium guajava Linn. – A review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Archives, 1(1), 1–12.

Needles & Herb

Sunday, July 27, 2025